Vocabulary
Learning suffix
Suffix
A suffix is an affix which is added to the end of a root or a word to modify or change its meaning. For example, 'able' is a suffix which you can place at the end of a large number of verbs to make adjectives,which gives a meaning of 'worth' or able to be,. Take a few pairs of examples -accept -acceptable, enjoy -enjoyable, appreciate -appreciable,wash-washable.
Following are the list of the most common suffixes in English, together with their basic meanings and some examples.
1. Suffix- able /ible
Description- changes a verb into an adjective
Meaning-worth or able to be
Examples -acceptable, washable, enjoyable admirable, advisable,
2.suffix -ability /ibility
Description -changes a verb into a noun
Meaning -the state or quality of
Examples -inability, availability,acceptability,responsibility, accountability,
3.suffix-age
Description -Changes a verb into a noun
Meaning - the action described by the verb or the result of that action
Words-marriage, blockage, breakage, coverage, shortage,
4. Suffix -al
Description (1)-changes a noun into an adjective
Meaning - relating to
Words - accidental, additional, occasional, cultural, vocational
Description (2)-changes a verb into a noun
Meaning -the action described the verb
Words-approval,denial,refusal,arrival,removal
5.suffix-an
Description -changes a noun into an adjective or another noun
Meaning -pertaining to a country /its in inhabitant language
Examples India, America, Italian, Russian, Persian
6.suffix-ian
Description(1) -makes a noun
Meaning -a person who does something /pursues a profession
Words- historian, politician, dietitian, electrician, physician
Description (2)-combines with the names of famous person
Meaning -describes the life of, time of, thought of
Words -chaucerian, Edwardian, Freudian, Victorian, Shakespearean
7.siffix-ance/ence
Description -makes a noun
Meaning -denotes an action state or quality
Words- performance, independence, preference, acceptance, alliance, assistance
8.suffix-ancy/ency
Description -makes a noun
Meaning -denotes an action, state or quality
Words -fluency, excellency, proficiency, competency, efficiency
9.suffix-ant
Description (1)-changes a verb into a noun
Meaning -one who does something
Words -accountant, applicant, assistant, claimant, contestant
Description (2)-changes a verb into a noun
Meaning -refers to an object or substance which has a particular effect
Words -pollutant, coolant, accelerant, lubricant, sealant
Description (3)-makes an adjective
Meaning -possessing a quality
Words -abundant, arrogant ,brilliant, constant
10.suffix-ation/ion
Description -changes a verb into a noun
Meaning -the process of the action described by the verb or the result of that action
Words -action, education, correction, connection, relation, selection
11. Suffix -archy
Description -makes a noun
Meaning -denotes a type of government
Words -monarchy, heirarchy, anarchy, oligarchy, patriarchy
12.suffix-ary
Description (1)-changes a noun or verb into an adjective
Meaning -connected to, or involved
Words complementary, complimentary, customary, disciplinary, honorary
Description (2)-also makes a noun
Meaning -denotes a person
Words -adversary, missionary, beneficiary, visionary, emisisary
13.suffix-ate
Description -makes a verb or adjective
Meaning -causes, brings about
Words -motivate, rotate, liberate, relate allocate
14.suffix-based
Description (1)-changes a noun into an adjective
Meaning-expresses the idea that the thing referred to by the original noun is the most important part or feature of something
Words- computer-based, education-based, fuel-based, survice-based, science-based
Description (2)-changes a noun into an adjective
Meaning -refers to places
Words - foreign-based, US-based,
Delhi-based, London-based,City-based
15.suffix-cide
Description -makes a verb or noun
Meaning -type of killing
Words -suicide, genocide, fungicide, patricide, regicide
16. Suffix -cy
Description -changes an adjective or noun into a noun
Meaning -denotes a state or quality
Words -accuracy, decency, delicacy, literacy, diplomacy
16. Suffix -ed
Description -makes an adjective
Meaning-having the thing or quality
Words -bearded, coloured, surprised, educated, ashamed
17. Suffix -ee
Description -changes a verb into a noun
Meaning -someone to whom something is done
Words -employee, addressee, appointee, interviewee, payee
18.suffix-en
Description (1)-changes an adjective into a verb
Meaning -to become, to make something become
Words -blacken, cheapen, darken, shorten, weaken
Description (2)-changes a noun into an adjective
Meaning -made from, resembles the substance referred to by the original noun
Words -earthen, flaxen, golden, leaden, silken, wooden
19.suffix-er,ar,or
Description (1)-changes a verb into a noun
Meaning -the person or thing that does the activity
Words -actor, employer, dancer, writer, author, cooker
Description (2)-makes a comparative degree
Meaning -being more or less
Words -bigger, darker, longer, larger, smaller
20.suffix-ery
Description (1)-changes a verb into a noun
Meaning -denoting action
Words -delivery, discovery, bribery, cookery, mockery
Description (2)-changes a verb into a noun
Meaning -denoting place
Words- winery, bakery, fishery, piggery,nunnery
21.suffix-ess
Description -makes a noun
Meaning -denoting feminine gender
Words-actress,authress,empress,goddess,hostess, lioness,mistress
22.suffix-est
Description -makes a superlative degree
Meaning -being the most of a quality
Words -biggest, coldest, darkest, fullest, latest
23.suffix-ful
Description(1) -changes a noun into an adjective
Meaning -full of, having a particular quality
Words -useful, beautiful, thankful, hopeful, graceful
Description (2)-makes another noun
Meaning-Containing, carrying
Words -spoonful, cupful, bagful, fistful, mouthful
24.suffix-hood
Description -makes a noun
Meaning -the state of being something and the time when someone is something
Words- childhood, babyhood, boyhood, womanhood, girlhood, motherhood
25.suffix-ic
Description -changes a noun into an adjective
Meaning -resembling ,involving, being connected
Words-atomic,alcoholic,poetic,patriotic,
buraucratic
26 . Suffix -ical
Description -changes a noun ending in-y, or-ics into an adjective
Meaning -relating to
Words -political, historical,classical, mathematical, physical
27.suffix-ics
Description-Occurs in uncount nouns
Meaning -refers to a subject or an area of study
Words -acoustics, classics, economics, genetics, linguistics
28.suffix-ify
Description -makes a noun
Meaning-describes the process by which a state quality, or condition is brought about
Words -amplify, beautify,clarify,classify,glorify
29.suffix-ing
Description-makes an adjective
Meaning -making someone feel something
Words -interesting, surprising, shocking,encouraging,discouraging
30.suffix-ish
Description -makes an adjective
Meaning -slightly, describes one person or thing as being like another
Words -boyish, reddish, smellish childish, hellish
31.suffix-ism
Description -makes a noun
Meaning -refers to a particular belief, behaviour, practice, action, ceremony
Words -Hinduism, Hooliganism, heroism, vandalism, terrorism, nationalism
32.suffix-ist
Description (1)-makes a noun
Meaning -a person whose behaviour is based on a particular set of beliefs
Words -facist, feminist, pessimist, optimist
Description(2) -makes a noun
Meaning-practitioner,having an occupation, writer, one who does something
Words -psychologist,educationist,tourist,typist,novelist,violinist
33.suffix-ity
Description -changes an adjective into a noun
Meaning -the state or condition described by the adjective
Words -abnormality,absurdity,brutality,curiosity
34.suffix-ive
Description -changes a verb into an adjective
Meaning -having the quality
Words -active, attractive, decisive, effective, massive, productive
35.suffix-ise or -ize
Description -changes an adjective or noun into a verb
Meaning -to make something become, to do a specific act
Words -apologise, criticise, jeopardise, memorise, sympathise
36. Suffix -let /-ette
Description -makes a noun smaller in size
Meaning -dimunitive
Words -booklet, coverlet, leaflet, couplet, rivulet
37.suffix-ly
Description(1)-changes an adjective into an adverb
Meaning -describes the way that something is done
Words -badly, sadly,finally,naturally, normally, recently, quickly
Description (2)-changes a noun into an adjective
Meaning -like that person or thing
Words -motherly, fatherly, brotherly, sisterly
38.suffix-mania
Description -occurs in nouns
Meaning -refers to unusual behaviour
Words -egomania,erotomania,kleptomania,
nymphomania
39.suffix-ment
Description -changes a verb into a noun
Meaning -the action or process described by a verb, or its result
Words -development, achievement, agreement, arrangement, improvement
40.suffix-minded
Description -makes an adjective
Meaning -describes the character attitudes or opinions
Words -absent-minded, broad-minded, dirty-minded, evil-minded, open-minded
41.suffix-ness
Description -changes an adjective into a noun
Meaning -the quality or condition
Words -attractiveness,awareness,boldness carelessness, happiness
42.suffix-ology
Description -makes a noun
Meaning -refers to an area of study or a system
Words -astrology, biology, geology, neurology, physiology
43.suffix-ological
Description -makes an adjective
Meaning -relating to an area of study
Words -psychological,biological,
pathological,neurological,technological
44.suffix-or
Description -changes a verb into a noun
Meaning -one who does something
Words-actor,conductor, inspector, director, editor
45.suffix-osis
Description (1)-makes a noun
Meaning -refers to a process or state
Words -diagnosis, hypnosis, metamorphosis, prognosis, osmosis
Description (2)-makes a noun
Meaning -refers to an illness or disease
Words -cirrhosis, neurosis, myxomatosis, psycosis, tuberculosis, thrombosis
46.suffix-ous
Description -changes a noun into an adjective
Meaning -having that quality
Words -anxious, cautious, conscious, continuous, enormous, furious
47.suffix-phobia
Description -occurs in nouns
Meaning -suffers from a particular kind of fear or dread
Words -claustrophobia, homophobia, technophobia, xenophobia
48.suffix-phobic
Description -makes an adjective
Meaning-having fear or dread
Words -claustrophobic, homophobic, technophobic, xenophobic
49.suffix-proof
Description -changes a noun into an adjective
Meaning-describes something that can't be harmed or that is unaffected by a particular thing
Words -accident-proof, bullet-proof,child-proof,dust-proof, fire-proof, heat-proof
50.suffix-phile
Description-makes a noun
Meaning -Person enjoying or liking something
Words -bibliophile, francophile, logophile
51.suffix-rich
Description -changes a noun into an adjective
Meaning -describes things that contain a large amount or high concentration of whatever the nouns refer to
Words -energy-rich, fat-rich, information-rich,mineral-rich
52.suffix-ridden
Description -changes a noun into an adjective
Meaning -describes people or things that suffer from a large or excessive amount of something
Words -bullet-ridden,cyclone-ridden, debt-ridden, disease-ridden, drought-ridden, flood-ridden
53.suffix-scape
Description -makes another noun
Meaning -refers to a particular feature in the physical world
Words -cityscape, cloudscape, lakescape, moonscape, mudscape, riverscape
54.suffix-ship
Description -makes an abstract noun
Meaning -refers to the state or experience of having the noun referred
Words -authorship, chairmanship, editorship, governorship, leadership, lectureship, membership
55.suffix-side
Description -changes a noun into an adjective or another noun
Meaning-refers to the edge of the place or object mentioned
Words -bedside, deskside, hillside, lakeside, parkside, riverside
56.suffix-speak
Description -makes another noun
Meaning -refers to the language in which particular subject is discussed or to the way that someone characteristically speaks
Words-coputer-speak, consumer-speak, lawyer-speak, marketing-speak, teacher-speak, media-speak
57.suffix-stricken
Description -changes a noun into an adjective
Meaning -
Suffix
A suffix is an affix which is added to the end of a root or a word to modify or change its meaning. For example, 'able' is a suffix which you can place at the end of a large number of verbs to make adjectives,which gives a meaning of 'worth' or able to be,. Take a few pairs of examples -accept -acceptable, enjoy -enjoyable, appreciate -appreciable,wash-washable.
Following are the list of the most common suffixes in English, together with their basic meanings and some examples.
1. Suffix- able /ible
Description- changes a verb into an adjective
Meaning-worth or able to be
Examples -acceptable, washable, enjoyable admirable, advisable,
2.suffix -ability /ibility
Description -changes a verb into a noun
Meaning -the state or quality of
Examples -inability, availability,acceptability,responsibility, accountability,
3.suffix-age
Description -Changes a verb into a noun
Meaning - the action described by the verb or the result of that action
Words-marriage, blockage, breakage, coverage, shortage,
4. Suffix -al
Description (1)-changes a noun into an adjective
Meaning - relating to
Words - accidental, additional, occasional, cultural, vocational
Description (2)-changes a verb into a noun
Meaning -the action described the verb
Words-approval,denial,refusal,arrival,removal
5.suffix-an
Description -changes a noun into an adjective or another noun
Meaning -pertaining to a country /its in inhabitant language
Examples India, America, Italian, Russian, Persian
6.suffix-ian
Description(1) -makes a noun
Meaning -a person who does something /pursues a profession
Words- historian, politician, dietitian, electrician, physician
Description (2)-combines with the names of famous person
Meaning -describes the life of, time of, thought of
Words -chaucerian, Edwardian, Freudian, Victorian, Shakespearean
7.siffix-ance/ence
Description -makes a noun
Meaning -denotes an action state or quality
Words- performance, independence, preference, acceptance, alliance, assistance
8.suffix-ancy/ency
Description -makes a noun
Meaning -denotes an action, state or quality
Words -fluency, excellency, proficiency, competency, efficiency
9.suffix-ant
Description (1)-changes a verb into a noun
Meaning -one who does something
Words -accountant, applicant, assistant, claimant, contestant
Description (2)-changes a verb into a noun
Meaning -refers to an object or substance which has a particular effect
Words -pollutant, coolant, accelerant, lubricant, sealant
Description (3)-makes an adjective
Meaning -possessing a quality
Words -abundant, arrogant ,brilliant, constant
10.suffix-ation/ion
Description -changes a verb into a noun
Meaning -the process of the action described by the verb or the result of that action
Words -action, education, correction, connection, relation, selection
11. Suffix -archy
Description -makes a noun
Meaning -denotes a type of government
Words -monarchy, heirarchy, anarchy, oligarchy, patriarchy
12.suffix-ary
Description (1)-changes a noun or verb into an adjective
Meaning -connected to, or involved
Words complementary, complimentary, customary, disciplinary, honorary
Description (2)-also makes a noun
Meaning -denotes a person
Words -adversary, missionary, beneficiary, visionary, emisisary
13.suffix-ate
Description -makes a verb or adjective
Meaning -causes, brings about
Words -motivate, rotate, liberate, relate allocate
14.suffix-based
Description (1)-changes a noun into an adjective
Meaning-expresses the idea that the thing referred to by the original noun is the most important part or feature of something
Words- computer-based, education-based, fuel-based, survice-based, science-based
Description (2)-changes a noun into an adjective
Meaning -refers to places
Words - foreign-based, US-based,
Delhi-based, London-based,City-based
15.suffix-cide
Description -makes a verb or noun
Meaning -type of killing
Words -suicide, genocide, fungicide, patricide, regicide
16. Suffix -cy
Description -changes an adjective or noun into a noun
Meaning -denotes a state or quality
Words -accuracy, decency, delicacy, literacy, diplomacy
16. Suffix -ed
Description -makes an adjective
Meaning-having the thing or quality
Words -bearded, coloured, surprised, educated, ashamed
17. Suffix -ee
Description -changes a verb into a noun
Meaning -someone to whom something is done
Words -employee, addressee, appointee, interviewee, payee
18.suffix-en
Description (1)-changes an adjective into a verb
Meaning -to become, to make something become
Words -blacken, cheapen, darken, shorten, weaken
Description (2)-changes a noun into an adjective
Meaning -made from, resembles the substance referred to by the original noun
Words -earthen, flaxen, golden, leaden, silken, wooden
19.suffix-er,ar,or
Description (1)-changes a verb into a noun
Meaning -the person or thing that does the activity
Words -actor, employer, dancer, writer, author, cooker
Description (2)-makes a comparative degree
Meaning -being more or less
Words -bigger, darker, longer, larger, smaller
20.suffix-ery
Description (1)-changes a verb into a noun
Meaning -denoting action
Words -delivery, discovery, bribery, cookery, mockery
Description (2)-changes a verb into a noun
Meaning -denoting place
Words- winery, bakery, fishery, piggery,nunnery
21.suffix-ess
Description -makes a noun
Meaning -denoting feminine gender
Words-actress,authress,empress,goddess,hostess, lioness,mistress
22.suffix-est
Description -makes a superlative degree
Meaning -being the most of a quality
Words -biggest, coldest, darkest, fullest, latest
23.suffix-ful
Description(1) -changes a noun into an adjective
Meaning -full of, having a particular quality
Words -useful, beautiful, thankful, hopeful, graceful
Description (2)-makes another noun
Meaning-Containing, carrying
Words -spoonful, cupful, bagful, fistful, mouthful
24.suffix-hood
Description -makes a noun
Meaning -the state of being something and the time when someone is something
Words- childhood, babyhood, boyhood, womanhood, girlhood, motherhood
25.suffix-ic
Description -changes a noun into an adjective
Meaning -resembling ,involving, being connected
Words-atomic,alcoholic,poetic,patriotic,
buraucratic
26 . Suffix -ical
Description -changes a noun ending in-y, or-ics into an adjective
Meaning -relating to
Words -political, historical,classical, mathematical, physical
27.suffix-ics
Description-Occurs in uncount nouns
Meaning -refers to a subject or an area of study
Words -acoustics, classics, economics, genetics, linguistics
28.suffix-ify
Description -makes a noun
Meaning-describes the process by which a state quality, or condition is brought about
Words -amplify, beautify,clarify,classify,glorify
29.suffix-ing
Description-makes an adjective
Meaning -making someone feel something
Words -interesting, surprising, shocking,encouraging,discouraging
30.suffix-ish
Description -makes an adjective
Meaning -slightly, describes one person or thing as being like another
Words -boyish, reddish, smellish childish, hellish
31.suffix-ism
Description -makes a noun
Meaning -refers to a particular belief, behaviour, practice, action, ceremony
Words -Hinduism, Hooliganism, heroism, vandalism, terrorism, nationalism
32.suffix-ist
Description (1)-makes a noun
Meaning -a person whose behaviour is based on a particular set of beliefs
Words -facist, feminist, pessimist, optimist
Description(2) -makes a noun
Meaning-practitioner,having an occupation, writer, one who does something
Words -psychologist,educationist,tourist,typist,novelist,violinist
33.suffix-ity
Description -changes an adjective into a noun
Meaning -the state or condition described by the adjective
Words -abnormality,absurdity,brutality,curiosity
34.suffix-ive
Description -changes a verb into an adjective
Meaning -having the quality
Words -active, attractive, decisive, effective, massive, productive
35.suffix-ise or -ize
Description -changes an adjective or noun into a verb
Meaning -to make something become, to do a specific act
Words -apologise, criticise, jeopardise, memorise, sympathise
36. Suffix -let /-ette
Description -makes a noun smaller in size
Meaning -dimunitive
Words -booklet, coverlet, leaflet, couplet, rivulet
37.suffix-ly
Description(1)-changes an adjective into an adverb
Meaning -describes the way that something is done
Words -badly, sadly,finally,naturally, normally, recently, quickly
Description (2)-changes a noun into an adjective
Meaning -like that person or thing
Words -motherly, fatherly, brotherly, sisterly
38.suffix-mania
Description -occurs in nouns
Meaning -refers to unusual behaviour
Words -egomania,erotomania,kleptomania,
nymphomania
39.suffix-ment
Description -changes a verb into a noun
Meaning -the action or process described by a verb, or its result
Words -development, achievement, agreement, arrangement, improvement
40.suffix-minded
Description -makes an adjective
Meaning -describes the character attitudes or opinions
Words -absent-minded, broad-minded, dirty-minded, evil-minded, open-minded
41.suffix-ness
Description -changes an adjective into a noun
Meaning -the quality or condition
Words -attractiveness,awareness,boldness carelessness, happiness
42.suffix-ology
Description -makes a noun
Meaning -refers to an area of study or a system
Words -astrology, biology, geology, neurology, physiology
43.suffix-ological
Description -makes an adjective
Meaning -relating to an area of study
Words -psychological,biological,
pathological,neurological,technological
44.suffix-or
Description -changes a verb into a noun
Meaning -one who does something
Words-actor,conductor, inspector, director, editor
45.suffix-osis
Description (1)-makes a noun
Meaning -refers to a process or state
Words -diagnosis, hypnosis, metamorphosis, prognosis, osmosis
Description (2)-makes a noun
Meaning -refers to an illness or disease
Words -cirrhosis, neurosis, myxomatosis, psycosis, tuberculosis, thrombosis
46.suffix-ous
Description -changes a noun into an adjective
Meaning -having that quality
Words -anxious, cautious, conscious, continuous, enormous, furious
47.suffix-phobia
Description -occurs in nouns
Meaning -suffers from a particular kind of fear or dread
Words -claustrophobia, homophobia, technophobia, xenophobia
48.suffix-phobic
Description -makes an adjective
Meaning-having fear or dread
Words -claustrophobic, homophobic, technophobic, xenophobic
49.suffix-proof
Description -changes a noun into an adjective
Meaning-describes something that can't be harmed or that is unaffected by a particular thing
Words -accident-proof, bullet-proof,child-proof,dust-proof, fire-proof, heat-proof
50.suffix-phile
Description-makes a noun
Meaning -Person enjoying or liking something
Words -bibliophile, francophile, logophile
51.suffix-rich
Description -changes a noun into an adjective
Meaning -describes things that contain a large amount or high concentration of whatever the nouns refer to
Words -energy-rich, fat-rich, information-rich,mineral-rich
52.suffix-ridden
Description -changes a noun into an adjective
Meaning -describes people or things that suffer from a large or excessive amount of something
Words -bullet-ridden,cyclone-ridden, debt-ridden, disease-ridden, drought-ridden, flood-ridden
53.suffix-scape
Description -makes another noun
Meaning -refers to a particular feature in the physical world
Words -cityscape, cloudscape, lakescape, moonscape, mudscape, riverscape
54.suffix-ship
Description -makes an abstract noun
Meaning -refers to the state or experience of having the noun referred
Words -authorship, chairmanship, editorship, governorship, leadership, lectureship, membership
55.suffix-side
Description -changes a noun into an adjective or another noun
Meaning-refers to the edge of the place or object mentioned
Words -bedside, deskside, hillside, lakeside, parkside, riverside
56.suffix-speak
Description -makes another noun
Meaning -refers to the language in which particular subject is discussed or to the way that someone characteristically speaks
Words-coputer-speak, consumer-speak, lawyer-speak, marketing-speak, teacher-speak, media-speak
57.suffix-stricken
Description -changes a noun into an adjective
Meaning -
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