Matter in our surroundings

In this post it is written definition, key word, key points in the short detail of class nine subject science . 

Matter in our surroundings 

Matter:- anything which has mass and occupies space is called matter. 

1.1 Physical nature of matter

1.1.1 Matter is made up of particles 

1.1.2 How small are these particles of matter?? 

1.2 characteristics of particles of matter 

1.2.1 particles of matter have space between them 

1.2.2 particles of matter are continuously moving 

Diffusion :- The intermixing of particles of two different types of matter on their own is called diffusion. 

1.2.3 particles of matter attract each other 

1.3 states of matter 

Matter around us exist in three different states - solid, liquid and gas. 

The state of matter arise due to the variation in the characteristics of the particles of matter. 

1.3.1 The solid state 

1.3.2 The liquid state 

The gases from the atmosphere diffuse and dissolve in water. These gases, especially oxygen and carbon dioxide, are essential for the survival of aquatic animals and plants

The aquatic animals can breathe under water due to the presence of dissolved oxygen in water. 

1.3.3 The gaseous state 

LPG liquified petroleum Gas 

CNG Compressed Natural Gas 

Pressure :-The pressure exerted by the gas is because of the force exerted by gas particles per unit area on the walls of the container. 

1.4 Can matter change its state ?

1.4.1 Effect of Change of temperature 

Melting point :- The temperature at which a solid melts to become a liquid at the atmospheric pressure is called its melting point. 

The melting point of ice is 273.16 K. 

Fusion :- The process of melting that is, changing of solid state into liquid state is also known as fusion. 

1.4.2 Effect of change of pressure 

1.5 Evaporation 

1.5.1 Factors affecting evaporation 

1.5.2 How does evaporation cause cooling 

Plasma :- The state consists of super energetic and super excited particles. 

These particles are in the form of ionised gases. 

Bose Einstein Condensate :- The BEC is formed by cooling a gas of extremely low density, about one hundred thousandth the density of normal air, to super low temperatures.